网络应用程序测试
用于基于 Playwright 的 Web 应用程序测试的代理技能手册,其中包含服务器编排助手和故障排除提示。
来源:内容改编自人类/技能(麻省理工学院)。
要测试本地 Web 应用程序,请编写本机 Python Playwright 脚本。
可用的帮助脚本:
scripts/with_server.py- 管理服务器生命周期(支持多个服务器)
始终首先使用--help运行脚本以查看用法。在您首先尝试运行脚本并发现绝对需要定制解决方案之前,请勿阅读源代码。这些脚本可能非常大,从而污染您的上下文窗口。它们的存在是为了作为黑盒脚本直接调用,而不是摄入到上下文窗口中。
决策树:选择你的方法
User task -> Is it static HTML?
Yes -> Read HTML file directly to identify selectors
Success -> Write Playwright script using selectors
Fails/Incomplete -> Treat as dynamic (below)
No (dynamic webapp) -> Is the server already running?
No -> Run: python scripts/with_server.py --help
Then use the helper + write simplified Playwright script
Yes -> Reconnaissance-then-action:
1. Navigate and wait for networkidle
2. Take screenshot or inspect DOM
3. Identify selectors from rendered state
4. Execute actions with discovered selectors示例:使用 with_server.py
要启动服务器,请先运行--help,然后使用帮助程序:
单服务器:
python scripts/with_server.py --server "npm run dev" --port 5173 -- python your_automation.py多个服务器(例如后端+前端):
python scripts/with_server.py \
--server "cd backend && python server.py" --port 3000 \
--server "cd frontend && npm run dev" --port 5173 \
-- python your_automation.py要创建自动化脚本,请仅包含 Playwright 逻辑(服务器自动管理):
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
with sync_playwright() as p:
browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=True) # Always launch chromium in headless mode
page = browser.new_page()
page.goto('http://localhost:5173') # Server already running and ready
page.wait_for_load_state('networkidle') # CRITICAL: Wait for JS to execute
# ... your automation logic
browser.close()先侦察后行动模式
-
检查渲染的 DOM:
page.screenshot(path='/tmp/inspect.png', full_page=True) content = page.content() page.locator('button').all() -
从检查结果中识别选择器
-
使用发现的选择器执行操作
常见陷阱
不要在动态应用程序上等待networkidle之前检查 DOM
**检查前请等待page.wait_for_load_state('networkidle')
最佳实践
- 将捆绑脚本用作黑匣子 - 要完成任务,请考虑
scripts/中可用的脚本之一是否可以提供帮助。这些脚本可以可靠地处理常见、复杂的工作流程,而不会扰乱上下文窗口。使用--help查看用法,然后直接调用。 - 使用
sync_playwright()进行同步脚本 - 完成后始终关闭浏览器
- 使用描述性选择器:
text=、role=、CSS 选择器或 ID - 添加适当的等待:
page.wait_for_selector()或page.wait_for_timeout()
参考文件
- 示例/ - 显示常见模式的示例:
element_discovery.py- 发现页面上的按钮、链接和输入static_html_automation.py- 对本地 HTML 使用 file:// URLconsole_logging.py- 在自动化过程中捕获控制台日志
资源文件
许可证.txt
二进制资源
示例/console_logging.py
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
# Example: Capturing console logs during browser automation
url = 'http://localhost:5173' # Replace with your URL
console_logs = []
with sync_playwright() as p:
browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=True)
page = browser.new_page(viewport={'width': 1920, 'height': 1080})
# Set up console log capture
def handle_console_message(msg):
console_logs.append(f"[{msg.type}] {msg.text}")
print(f"Console: [{msg.type}] {msg.text}")
page.on("console", handle_console_message)
# Navigate to page
page.goto(url)
page.wait_for_load_state('networkidle')
# Interact with the page (triggers console logs)
page.click('text=Dashboard')
page.wait_for_timeout(1000)
browser.close()
# Save console logs to file
with open('/mnt/user-data/outputs/console.log', 'w') as f:
f.write('\n'.join(console_logs))
print(f"\nCaptured {len(console_logs)} console messages")
print(f"Logs saved to: /mnt/user-data/outputs/console.log")示例/element_discovery.py
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
# Example: Discovering buttons and other elements on a page
with sync_playwright() as p:
browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=True)
page = browser.new_page()
# Navigate to page and wait for it to fully load
page.goto('http://localhost:5173')
page.wait_for_load_state('networkidle')
# Discover all buttons on the page
buttons = page.locator('button').all()
print(f"Found {len(buttons)} buttons:")
for i, button in enumerate(buttons):
text = button.inner_text() if button.is_visible() else "[hidden]"
print(f" [{i}] {text}")
# Discover links
links = page.locator('a[href]').all()
print(f"\nFound {len(links)} links:")
for link in links[:5]: # Show first 5
text = link.inner_text().strip()
href = link.get_attribute('href')
print(f" - {text} -> {href}")
# Discover input fields
inputs = page.locator('input, textarea, select').all()
print(f"\nFound {len(inputs)} input fields:")
for input_elem in inputs:
name = input_elem.get_attribute('name') or input_elem.get_attribute('id') or "[unnamed]"
input_type = input_elem.get_attribute('type') or 'text'
print(f" - {name} ({input_type})")
# Take screenshot for visual reference
page.screenshot(path='/tmp/page_discovery.png', full_page=True)
print("\nScreenshot saved to /tmp/page_discovery.png")
browser.close()示例/static_html_automation.py
下载示例/static_html_automation.py
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
import os
# Example: Automating interaction with static HTML files using file:// URLs
html_file_path = os.path.abspath('path/to/your/file.html')
file_url = f'file://{html_file_path}'
with sync_playwright() as p:
browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=True)
page = browser.new_page(viewport={'width': 1920, 'height': 1080})
# Navigate to local HTML file
page.goto(file_url)
# Take screenshot
page.screenshot(path='/mnt/user-data/outputs/static_page.png', full_page=True)
# Interact with elements
page.click('text=Click Me')
page.fill('#name', 'John Doe')
page.fill('#email', '[email protected]')
# Submit form
page.click('button[type="submit"]')
page.wait_for_timeout(500)
# Take final screenshot
page.screenshot(path='/mnt/user-data/outputs/after_submit.png', full_page=True)
browser.close()
print("Static HTML automation completed!")脚本/with_server.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Start one or more servers, wait for them to be ready, run a command, then clean up.
Usage:
# Single server
python scripts/with_server.py --server "npm run dev" --port 5173 -- python automation.py
python scripts/with_server.py --server "npm start" --port 3000 -- python test.py
# Multiple servers
python scripts/with_server.py \
--server "cd backend && python server.py" --port 3000 \
--server "cd frontend && npm run dev" --port 5173 \
-- python test.py
"""
import subprocess
import socket
import time
import sys
import argparse
def is_server_ready(port, timeout=30):
"""Wait for server to be ready by polling the port."""
start_time = time.time()
while time.time() - start_time < timeout:
try:
with socket.create_connection(('localhost', port), timeout=1):
return True
except (socket.error, ConnectionRefusedError):
time.sleep(0.5)
return False
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Run command with one or more servers')
parser.add_argument('--server', action='append', dest='servers', required=True, help='Server command (can be repeated)')
parser.add_argument('--port', action='append', dest='ports', type=int, required=True, help='Port for each server (must match --server count)')
parser.add_argument('--timeout', type=int, default=30, help='Timeout in seconds per server (default: 30)')
parser.add_argument('command', nargs=argparse.REMAINDER, help='Command to run after server(s) ready')
args = parser.parse_args()
# Remove the '--' separator if present
if args.command and args.command[0] == '--':
args.command = args.command[1:]
if not args.command:
print("Error: No command specified to run")
sys.exit(1)
# Parse server configurations
if len(args.servers) != len(args.ports):
print("Error: Number of --server and --port arguments must match")
sys.exit(1)
servers = []
for cmd, port in zip(args.servers, args.ports):
servers.append({'cmd': cmd, 'port': port})
server_processes = []
try:
# Start all servers
for i, server in enumerate(servers):
print(f"Starting server {i+1}/{len(servers)}: {server['cmd']}")
# Use shell=True to support commands with cd and &&
process = subprocess.Popen(
server['cmd'],
shell=True,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE
)
server_processes.append(process)
# Wait for this server to be ready
print(f"Waiting for server on port {server['port']}...")
if not is_server_ready(server['port'], timeout=args.timeout):
raise RuntimeError(f"Server failed to start on port {server['port']} within {args.timeout}s")
print(f"Server ready on port {server['port']}")
print(f"\nAll {len(servers)} server(s) ready")
# Run the command
print(f"Running: {' '.join(args.command)}\n")
result = subprocess.run(args.command)
sys.exit(result.returncode)
finally:
# Clean up all servers
print(f"\nStopping {len(server_processes)} server(s)...")
for i, process in enumerate(server_processes):
try:
process.terminate()
process.wait(timeout=5)
except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
process.kill()
process.wait()
print(f"Server {i+1} stopped")
print("All servers stopped")
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
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